Analysis of factors that may be essential in the decision to fly on fully autonomous passenger airliners

This research investigates factors that influence opinion in the decision to fly on fully autonomous passenger airliners primarily from the perspective of aviation and technology professionals. Bayesian statistical inference and a two‐level fractional factorial survey are used to sample passengers' views on fully autonomous airliners. Eight trust, safety, and cost factors are incorporated into a vignette set in the future. Factors include automation levels, safety records, liability guarantees, airline integrity, and service disruptions. Dependent variables exist in five post‐vignette questions and essentially ask “Would you” or “Would you not” be willing to fly on a fully autonomous airliner? Sixteen versions of the vignette, each with unique trust, safety, and cost levels, present varying (unknown) degrees of influence to the survey respondents. For every demographic, the research shows a 99% statistically significant difference between the “prior” and “posterior” sampled population proportions willing to fly. The most significant positive influence involves integrity characteristics of the airline, while the most negative influence relates to life insurance liability guarantees. Research from 2003 suggested that this mode of travel would be acceptable to only 10.5% of respondents. When the 2003 research is used as a Bayesian prior probability, the resulting posterior probability for the demographics sampled can be modeled as a beta distribution, indicating 95% probability that the sampled proportion of the population willing to fly is between 33.2% and 36.4%. After adjusting for age and profession demographics to match the US population, the 95% probability bounds on the proportion willing to fly are 31.35% and 34.15%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new approach for improving the performance of freight train timetabling of a single-track railway system

A new approach for improving the performance of freight train timetabling for single-track railways is proposed. Using the idea of a fixed-block signaling system, we develop a matrix representation to express the occupation of inter- and intra-station tracks by trains illustrating the train blocking time diagram in its entirety. Train departure times, dwell times, and unnecessary stopping are adjusted to reduce average train travel time and single train travel time. Conflicts between successive stations and within stations are identified and solved. A fuzzy logic system is further used to adjust the range of train departure times and checks are made to determine whether dwell times and time intervals can be adjusted for passenger and freight trains at congested stations to minimize train waiting times. By combining manual scheduling expertise with the fuzzy inference method, timetable efficiency is significantly improved and becomes more flexible.     

中小城市公交场站用地指标研究

国内目前针对中小城市公交场站的研究不足,中小城市场站建设缺乏科学指导,场站用地难以得到保障.结合中小城市公交发展特点及场站模式,通过科学的分析计算,确定场站停车坪、建筑用地、场前区及绿化用地规模,探讨与之相符的中小城市公交场站用地指标,对于中小城市场站规划建设具有一定的现实意义.     

A cost-competitiveness analysis of charging infrastructure for electric bus operations

This study investigates the cost competitiveness of different types of charging infrastructure, including charging stations, charging lanes (via charging-while-driving technologies) and battery swapping stations, in support of an electric public transit system. To this end, we first establish mathematical models to investigate the optimal deployment of various charging facilities along the transit line and determine the optimal size of the electric bus fleet, as well as their batteries, to minimize total infrastructure and fleet costs while guaranteeing service frequency and satisfying the charging needs of the transit system. We then conduct an empirical analysis utilizing available real-world data. The results suggest that: (1) the service frequency, circulation length, and operating speed of a transit system may have a great impact on the cost competitiveness of different charging infrastructure; (2) charging lanes enabled by currently available inductive wireless charging technology are cost competitive for most of the existing bus rapid transit corridors; (3) swapping stations can yield a lower total cost than charging lanes and charging stations for transit systems with high operating speed and low service frequency; (4) charging stations are cost competitive only for transit systems with very low service frequency and short circulation; and (5) the key to making charging lanes more competitive for transit systems with low service frequency and high operating speed is to reduce their unit-length construction cost or enhance their charging power.     

基于粗糙-模糊软计算的船板线加热成形加工参数预报方法

提出一种基于粗糙-模糊软计算的建模方法,构造一种基于贴近方向修正的高精度模糊推理算法,通过有限元分析(FEA)建立板材线加热成形工艺信息系统,根据粗糙集软计算获取线加热成形的工艺规律,运用模糊推理实现加工参数的快速准确预报。粗糙-模糊建模适用于线加热成形过程的静态或动态模型的构建,为实现该工艺的智能建模与控制提供一种新的技术手段。     

多模式区域公交协调调度模型和算法

考虑公交内部及公交和地铁、长途客运之间的换乘衔接问题,满足最小和最大发车间隔等现实约束因素,建立了一类多目标多模式公交协调时刻表模型,在某时段内分别追求非换乘和换乘出行者在所有站点的等车时间最少和所有车辆到达站点时的泊位数最多.利用约束法将该问题转化为单目标规划问题.根据模型特征,设计求解该问题的改进细菌觅食优化算法,定义解的编码方案,设计产生初始种群的启发式算法,将梯度概念引入移动步长进而改进细菌觅食操作.最后,结合一个简单算例,比较单模式和多模式区域公交协调调度之间的差异,分析了站点通行能力对调度结果的影响,并将该算法与其他智能算法进行了比较分析,从而验证了模型和算法的正确性和有效性.     

岩石地基中群桩基础对相邻车站隧道影响分析——以重庆地铁1号线七星岗站为例

桩基加载会造成周围土体的位移和应力变化,继而对邻近隧道的内力和位移造成影响,特别是在群桩基础的作用下,这种影响不可忽视。以岩质地基中大跨径车站隧道与群桩基础的相互影响为研究对象,采用有限元软件对群桩位于隧道顶板上方、隧道侧壁破裂面以下及隧道底板3种模型进行对比分析,重点比较桩基加载工况下隧道位移变化及衬砌内力变化。分析表明当桩基础荷载大,隧道洞跨大时,置于隧道顶板的桩基础会明显降低衬砌安全系数,使衬砌结构遭受破坏;通过数值模拟对比分析得出当桩基位于隧道侧墙破裂面以下,且临近隧道侧墙的桩基加长至隧道拱底标高时,能大大降低对隧道衬砌结构和位移的影响,并能确保运营隧道的结构安全。     

郑州地铁盾构隧道下穿加油站的沉降分析

郑州地铁1号线03区间盾构施工需下穿一加油站,该加油站平行布置3个尺寸相同的埋地储油罐,总容积为150 m3,属一级加油站。3个储油罐与左线盾构隧道的竖向净距为7.0 m,水平净距为2.7 m,该加油站属Ⅰ级风险源。为保证盾构施工的安全,提出针对性的盾构掘进控制措施,采用ANSYS通用有限元软件对盾构施工下穿加油站引起的沉降进行数值模拟,计算得到的地表最大累计沉降和倾斜率均未达到监测报警值;因此,加油站在盾构施工时可以正常营业。为了保证盾构的安全推进,提出2盾构的推进间距距离、土舱压力、同步注浆压力等控制措施。盾构掘进过程中的地表和建(构)筑物的监测结果表明:地表和建(构)筑物的最大累计沉降和沉降速率均未达到监测报警值,盾构已经安全穿越加油站,文章提出的盾构掘进措施和研究方法可为类似工程提供参考。     

基于PLC的海面电站监控系统研究及仿真

电站作为海面工作中电能的管控,为海面作业提供保障,所以作用至关重要。对电站的监控现在也有比较成熟的技术,包括各种控制软件的应用。本系统结合实际情况及最新发展,提出基于PLC的海面电站监控系统,芯片选用的是西门子可编程控制器S7.300作为核心处理器,该型号PLC工作效率高,控制精度比较高,性能稳定,对于信号处理及硬件控制都有很好的优势,可以有效保证海面电站监控系统的稳定性。海面电站监控系统所承担的角色非常重要,所以要尽可能降低系统的漏洞,对其进行仿真,可以有效地减少研发成本及开发周期,并且可以提高操作员的技能,本文结合Matlab及VC编程软件,对该监控系统进行仿真研究。     

基于DSP的船舶电站监控系统设计

电站为船舶提供动力来源,在船舶航行中有非常重要的地位。对电站的监控现在也有比较成熟的技术,包括各种控制软件的应用。本系统结合实际情况及最新发展,提出基于DSP的船舶电站监控系统,芯片选用的是TI公司的TMS320F2812 DSP作为核心处理器,该型号DSP工作效率高,控制精度比较高,性能稳定,对于信号处理及硬件的控制都有很好的优势,可以使得监控系统稳定高效的工作。本系统配以MCGS组态软件作为监控软件,可以实时的从电脑终端对船舶中的各个设备及电站的工作状态进行可视化监控,以便做出及时决策。系统可以手动及自动的控制发电机开启、停止、加减速,并且系统可以在出现故障的时候进行报警提示。